10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 001-39828

ARKO Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware		85-2784337
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

8565 Magellan Parkway

Suite 400

Richmond, Virginia 23227-1150

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(804) 730-1568

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	ARKO	Nasdaq Capital Market
Warrants to purchase common stock	ARKOW	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of November 3, 2023, the registrant had 116,809,202 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	46
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	46
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	46
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	46
Item 5.	Other Information	46
Item 6.	Exhibits	47
Signatures		48

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements,” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding our product development efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Many factors could cause our actual activities or results to differ materially from the activities and results anticipated in forward-looking statements. These factors include those described below and in “Item 1A-Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and described from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable law. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the PSLRA. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and reflect our views as of the date they are made with respect to future events and financial performance.

Risks and uncertainties, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business, include the following:

•

changes in economic conditions and consumer confidence in the United States;

•

our ability to make acquisitions on economically acceptable terms;

•

our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations or otherwise realize the expected benefits from our acquisitions;

•

our ability to successfully implement our growth strategies;

•

labor, raw materials and building supply shortages and price fluctuations in the construction industry could delay or increase the costs of our store upgrade and remodel programs and our maintenance capital expenditures;

•

changes in the wholesale prices of motor fuel;

•

significant changes in the current consumption of, and related regulations and litigation related to, cigarettes and other tobacco products;

•

significant changes in demand for fuel-based modes of transportation;

•

the highly competitive industry characterized by low entry barriers in which we operate;

•

negative events or developments associated with branded motor fuel suppliers;

•

we depend on several principal suppliers for our fuel purchases and two principal suppliers for merchandise;

•

a portion of our revenue is generated under fuel supply agreements with dealers that must be renegotiated or replaced periodically;

•

the retail sale, distribution, transportation and storage of motor fuels is subject to environmental protection and operational safety laws and regulations that may expose us or our customers to significant costs and liabilities;

•

business disruption and related risks resulting from global pandemics;

•

failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations;

•

the loss of key senior management personnel or the failure to recruit or retain qualified personnel;

•

unfavorable weather conditions;

•

we may be held liable for fraudulent credit card transactions;

•

payment-related risks that may result in higher operating costs or the inability to process payments;

•

significant disruptions of information technology systems, breaches of data security or compromised data;

•

evolving laws, regulations, standards, and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security regulations, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations;

•

our failure to adequately secure, maintain, and enforce our intellectual property rights;

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•

third-party claims of infringement upon their intellectual property rights;

•

our dependence on third-party transportation providers for the transportation of most of our motor fuel;

•

our operations present risks which may not be fully covered by insurance;

•

our variable rate debt;

•

the agreements governing our indebtedness contain various restrictions and financial covenants;

•

our principal stockholders and management control us, and their interests may conflict with yours;

•

our corporate structure includes Israeli subsidiaries that may have adverse tax consequences and expose us to additional tax liabilities;

•

we may not be able to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud;

•

the market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile and could decline significantly;

•

if securities or industry analysts do not publish research, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, or cease publishing research about us or the convenience store industry; and

•

sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause the prices of our common stock to decline.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “ARKO,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” and “us” refer to ARKO Corp., a Delaware corporation, including our consolidated subsidiaries.

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share data)


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	204,237		$	298,529
Restricted cash		16,203			18,240
Short-term investments		3,375			2,400
Trade receivables, net		179,529			118,140
Inventory		266,061			221,951
Other current assets		116,835			87,873
Total current assets		786,240			747,133
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net		760,391			645,809
Right-of-use assets under operating leases		1,408,208			1,203,188
Right-of-use assets under financing leases, net		179,490			182,113
Goodwill		278,261			217,297
Intangible assets, net		212,807			197,123
Equity investment		2,847			2,924
Deferred tax asset		47,107			22,728
Other non-current assets		44,433			36,855
Total assets	$	3,719,784		$	3,255,170
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Long-term debt, current portion	$	15,947		$	11,944
Accounts payable		249,406			217,370
Other current liabilities		187,943			154,097
Operating leases, current portion		65,433			57,563
Financing leases, current portion		9,213			5,457
Total current liabilities		527,942			446,431
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt, net		812,166			740,043
Asset retirement obligation		80,442			64,909
Operating leases		1,414,609			1,218,045
Financing leases		228,424			225,907
Other non-current liabilities		269,401			178,945
Total liabilities		3,332,984			2,874,280
Commitments and contingencies - see Note 12
Series A redeemable preferred stock (no par value) - authorized: 1,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 1,000,000 and 1,000,000 shares, respectively; redemption value: $100,000 and $100,000, in the aggregate respectively		100,000			100,000
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock (par value $0.0001) - authorized: 400,000,000 shares; issued: 125,268,525 and 124,727,496 shares, respectively; outstanding: 117,301,820 and 120,074,542 shares, respectively		12			12
Treasury stock, at cost - 7,966,705 and 4,652,954 shares, respectively		(65,554	)		(40,042	)
Additional paid-in capital		243,271			229,995
Accumulated other comprehensive income		9,119			9,119
Retained earnings		99,965			81,750
Total shareholders' equity		286,813			280,834
Non-controlling interest		(13	)		56
Total equity		286,800			280,890
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock and equity	$	3,719,784		$	3,255,170

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	2,086,392		$	1,979,574		$	5,705,156		$	5,648,954
Merchandise revenue		506,425			445,822			1,391,274			1,244,558
Other revenues, net		29,237			24,251			83,141			69,209
Total revenues		2,622,054			2,449,647			7,179,571			6,962,721
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,923,869			1,824,437			5,262,854			5,250,105
Merchandise costs		345,699			306,930			952,925			866,110
Store operating expenses		226,698			189,582			637,383			534,197
General and administrative expenses		44,116			35,954			127,192			100,695
Depreciation and amortization		33,713			26,061			94,949			75,050
Total operating expenses		2,574,095			2,382,964			7,075,303			6,826,157
Other expenses, net		3,885			951			11,561			3,269
Operating income		44,074			65,732			92,707			133,295
Interest and other financial income		9,371			2,676			18,897			2,509
Interest and other financial expenses		(23,950	)		(22,472	)		(67,238	)		(45,619	)
Income before income taxes		29,495			45,936			44,366			90,185
Income tax expense		(7,993	)		(20,898	)		(10,849	)		(31,060	)
Loss from equity investment		(14	)		(44	)		(77	)		(7	)
Net income	$	21,488		$	24,994		$	33,440		$	59,118
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		48			51			149			182
Net income attributable to ARKO Corp.	$	21,440		$	24,943		$	33,291		$	58,936
Series A redeemable preferred stock dividends		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		(4,301	)		(4,301	)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	19,991		$	23,494		$	28,990		$	54,635
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic	$	0.17		$	0.20		$	0.24		$	0.45
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - diluted	$	0.17		$	0.17		$	0.24		$	0.43
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		118,389			120,074			119,505			121,950
Diluted		120,292			130,388			120,602			123,527

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share data)


	Common Stock					Treasury			Additional		Accumulated Other		Retained			Total			Non-
	Shares			Par Value		Stock, at Cost			Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive Income		Earnings			Shareholders' Equity			Controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at July 1, 2022		120,074,961		$	12	$	(40,038	)	$	223,557	$	9,119	$	52,898		$	245,548		$	235		$	245,783
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			3,145		—		—			3,145			—			3,145
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			106		—		—			106			(106	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—		—		—			—			(60	)		(60	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—		—		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		—			(1,449	)
Dividends declared (2 cents per share)		—			—		—			—		—		(2,402	)		(2,402	)		—			(2,402	)
Common stock repurchased		(419	)		—		(4	)		—		—		—			(4	)		—			(4	)
Net income		—			—		—			—		—		24,943			24,943			51			24,994
Balance at September 30, 2022		120,074,542		$	12	$	(40,042	)	$	226,808	$	9,119	$	73,990		$	269,887		$	120		$	270,007

Balance at July 1, 2023		118,842,462		$	12	$	(53,804	)	$	238,617	$	9,119	$	83,533		$	277,477		$	39		$	277,516
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			4,614		—		—			4,614			—			4,614
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			40		—		—			40			(40	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—		—		—			—			(60	)		(60	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—		—		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		—			(1,449	)
Dividends declared (3 cents per share)		—			—		—			—		—		(3,559	)		(3,559	)		—			(3,559	)
Common stock repurchased		(1,540,642	)		—		(11,750	)		—		—		—			(11,750	)		—			(11,750	)
Net income		—			—		—			—		—		21,440			21,440			48			21,488
Balance at September 30, 2023		117,301,820		$	12	$	(65,554	)	$	243,271	$	9,119	$	99,965		$	286,813		$	(13	)	$	286,800


	Common Stock					Treasury			Additional		Accumulated Other		Retained			Total			Non-
	Shares			Par Value		Stock, at Cost			Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive Income		Earnings			Shareholders' Equity			Controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022		124,427,805		$	12	$	—		$	217,675	$	9,119	$	26,646		$	253,452		$	224		$	253,676
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			9,027		—		—			9,027			—			9,027
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			106		—		—			106			(106	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—		—		—			—			(180	)		(180	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—		—		(4,301	)		(4,301	)		—			(4,301	)
Dividends declared (6 cents per share)		—			—		—			—		—		(7,291	)		(7,291	)		—			(7,291	)
Common stock repurchased		(4,652,954	)		—		(40,042	)		—		—		—			(40,042	)		—			(40,042	)
Vesting of restricted share units		286,359			—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—
Issuance of shares		13,332			—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—
Net income		—			—		—			—		—		58,936			58,936			182			59,118
Balance at September 30, 2022		120,074,542		$	12	$	(40,042	)	$	226,808	$	9,119	$	73,990		$	269,887		$	120		$	270,007

Balance at January 1, 2023		120,074,542		$	12	$	(40,042	)	$	229,995	$	9,119	$	81,750		$	280,834		$	56		$	280,890
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			13,238		—		—			13,238			—			13,238
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			38		—		—			38			(38	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—		—		—			—			(180	)		(180	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—		—		(4,301	)		(4,301	)		—			(4,301	)
Dividends declared (9 cents per share)		—			—		—			—		—		(10,775	)		(10,775	)		—			(10,775	)
Common stock repurchased		(3,313,751	)		—		(25,512	)		—		—		—			(25,512	)		—			(25,512	)
Vesting and settlement of restricted share units		541,029			—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—
Net income		—			—		—			—		—		33,291			33,291			149			33,440
Balance at September 30, 2023		117,301,820		$	12	$	(65,554	)	$	243,271	$	9,119	$	99,965		$	286,813		$	(13	)	$	286,800

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	33,440		$	59,118
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		94,949			75,050
Deferred income taxes		(4,028	)		20,728
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment charges		5,543			3,389
Foreign currency loss		130			241
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		1,857			1,894
Amortization of deferred income		(6,302	)		(7,269	)
Accretion of asset retirement obligation		1,690			1,259
Non-cash rent		10,418			5,714
Charges to allowance for credit losses		1,021			473
Loss from equity investment		77			7
Share-based compensation		13,238			9,027
Fair value adjustment of financial assets and liabilities		(11,627	)		(3,848	)
Other operating activities, net		2,279			855
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in trade receivables		(62,487	)		(59,867	)
Increase in inventory		(17,386	)		(14,570	)
Increase in other assets		(28,429	)		(7,367	)
Increase in accounts payable		29,667			37,493
Increase in other current liabilities		8,992			7,631
Increase (decrease) in asset retirement obligation		46			(94	)
Increase in non-current liabilities		5,719			9,899
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	78,807		$	139,763

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (cont’d)

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	$	(75,603	)	$	(72,902	)
Purchase of intangible assets		(45	)		(176	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		307,106			140,380
Business acquisitions, net of cash		(494,904	)		(191,203	)
Decrease in investments, net		—			58,934
Repayment of loans to equity investment		—			174
Net cash used in investing activities		(263,446	)		(64,793	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Receipt of long-term debt, net		78,833			51,450
Repayment of debt		(16,517	)		(42,372	)
Principal payments on financing leases		(4,237	)		(5,014	)
Proceeds from sale-leaseback		80,397			—
Payment of Additional Consideration		—			(2,085	)
Payment of Ares Put Option		(9,808	)		—
Common stock repurchased		(25,199	)		(40,042	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(10,775	)		(7,291	)
Dividends paid on redeemable preferred stock		(4,301	)		(4,301	)
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(180	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		88,393			(49,835	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(96,246	)		25,135
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(83	)		(109	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		316,769			272,543
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	220,440		$	297,569
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	$	298,529			252,141
Restricted cash, beginning of period		18,240			20,402
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	$	316,769		$	272,543
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	204,237		$	283,375
Restricted cash, end of period		16,203			14,194
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	220,440		$	297,569

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (cont’d)

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Supplementary cash flow information:
Cash received for interest	$	6,209	$	344
Cash paid for interest		54,354		36,109
Cash received for taxes		831		211
Cash paid for taxes		28,576		5,069
Supplementary noncash activities:
Prepaid insurance premiums financed through notes payable	$	10,040	$	5,523
Purchases of equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses		17,718		7,615
Purchase of property and equipment under leases		5,229		15,041
Disposals of leases of property and equipment		4,149		18,605
Deferred consideration related to business acquisitions		47,059		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARKO Corp.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. General

ARKO Corp. (the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation whose common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”), and publicly-traded warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “ARKO” and “ARKOW,” respectively.

The Company’s operations are primarily performed by its subsidiary, GPM Investments, LLC (“GPM”), a Delaware limited liability company. GPM is primarily engaged directly and through fully owned and controlled subsidiaries (directly or indirectly) in retail activity, which includes the operations of a chain of convenience stores, most of which include adjacent gas stations. The Company is also engaged in wholesale activity, which includes the supply of fuel to gas stations operated by third parties, and in fleet fueling, which includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations) and issuance of proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites. As of September 30, 2023, GPM’s activity included the operation of 1,552 retail convenience stores, the supply of fuel to 1,825 gas stations operated by dealers and the operation of 295 cardlock locations, throughout more than 30 states and the District of Columbia in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southwestern United States (“U.S.”).

The Company has four reportable segments: retail, wholesale, fleet fueling, and GPMP. Refer to Note 11 below for further information with respect to the segments.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (“interim financial statements”) as of September 30, 2023 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Regulation S-X set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim reporting. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments except those otherwise described herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying interim financial statements. However, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, the interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “annual financial statements”).

The same significant accounting policies, presentation and methods of computation have been followed in these interim financial statements as were applied in the preparation of the annual financial statements.

Accounting Periods

The Company’s fiscal periods end on the last day of the month, and its fiscal year ends on December 31. This results in the Company experiencing fluctuations in current assets and current liabilities due to purchasing and payment patterns which change based upon the day of the week. As a result, working capital can change from period to period not only due to changing business operations, but also due to a change in the day of the week on which each period ends. The Company earns a disproportionate amount of its annual operating income in the second and third quarters as a result of the climate and seasonal buying patterns of its customers. Inclement weather, especially in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. during the winter months, can negatively impact financial results.

Use of Estimates

In the preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements, management may make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual

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results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; impairment of goodwill, intangible, right-of-use and fixed assets; environmental assets and liabilities; deferred tax assets; and asset retirement obligations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all unrestricted highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at several financial institutions, and in order to have sufficient working capital on hand, the Company maintains concentrations of cash in several financial institutions in amounts that are above the FDIC standard deposit insurance limit of $250,000.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers. This requires the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a single point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer. Control is transferred to the customer over time if the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance. If a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, the Company satisfies the performance obligation at a single point in time.

Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services.

When the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of goods or services to the customer, revenue is recognized against contract assets in the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled. When the consideration amount received from the customer exceeds the amounts recognized as revenue, the Company recognizes a contract liability for the excess.

An asset is recognized related to the costs incurred to obtain a contract (e.g. sales commissions) if the costs are specifically identifiable to a contract, the costs will result in enhancing resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. These capitalized costs are recorded as a part of other current assets and other non-current assets and are amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services to which such costs relate. The Company expenses the costs to obtain a contract, as and when they are incurred, in cases where the expected amortization period is one year or less.

The Company evaluates if it is a principal or an agent in a transaction to determine whether revenue should be recorded on a gross or a net basis. In performing this analysis, the Company considers first whether it controls the goods before they are transferred to the customers and if it has the ability to direct the use of the goods or obtain benefits from them. The Company also considers the following indicators: (1) the primary obligor, (2) the latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, and (3) the inventory risk borne by the Company before and after the goods have been transferred to the customer. When the Company acts as principal, revenue is recorded on a gross basis. When the Company acts as agent, revenue is recorded on a net basis.

Fuel revenue and fuel cost of revenue included fuel taxes of $311.9 million, $274.8 million, $883.4 million and $750.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Refer to Note 11 for disclosure of the revenue disaggregated by segment and product line, as well as a description of the reportable segment operations.

3. Acquisitions

Transit Energy Group, LLC

On March 1, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets from Transit Energy Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated entities (collectively, “TEG”) pursuant to a purchase agreement entered on September 9, 2022, as amended (the “TEG Purchase Agreement”), including (i) 135 Company-operated convenience stores and gas stations, (ii) fuel supply rights to 181 dealer locations, (iii) a commercial, government, and industrial business, including certain bulk plants, and (iv) certain distribution and transportation assets, all in the southeastern United States (the “TEG Acquisition”).

The purchase price for the TEG Acquisition was approximately $370 million, as adjusted in accordance with the terms of the TEG Purchase Agreement, plus the value of inventory at the closing, of which $50 million was deferred and payable in two annual payments of $25 million, which the Company may elect to pay in either cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, shares of common stock (the “Installment Shares”), on the first and second anniversaries of the closing. Pursuant to the TEG Purchase Agreement, at closing, ARKO and TEG entered into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which ARKO agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC, registering the Installment Shares, if any, for resale by TEG.

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The Company paid approximately $81.7 million of the non-deferred purchase price including the value of inventory and other closing adjustments, of which $55.0 million was financed with the Capital One Line of Credit (as defined in Note 4 below). An affiliate of Oak Street Real Estate Capital Net Lease Property Fund, LP (including its affiliates, “Oak Street”), under the Company’s standby real estate purchase, designation and lease program agreement with Oak Street, dated as of May 3, 2021 (as amended, the “Program Agreement”), paid the balance of the non-deferred purchase price for fee simple ownership in 104 sites. At the closing, pursuant to the Program Agreement, the Company entered into a master lease with Oak Street for the sites Oak Street acquired in the transaction under customary lease terms. For accounting purposes, the transaction with Oak Street was treated as a sale-leaseback. Because the sale-leaseback was off-market, a financial liability of $51.6 million was recorded, resulting in interest expense recognized over the lease term. Additionally, right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $131.3 million were recorded in connection with the operating lease, after reducing for accounting purposes from the contractual lease payments the amount attributable to the repayment of the additional financing.

The details of the TEG Acquisition were as follows:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Fair value of consideration transferred:
Cash	$	26,702
GPMP Capital One Line of Credit		55,000
Liability resulting from deferred purchase price		45,845
Receivable from TEG		(62	)
Consideration provided by Oak Street		258,019
Total consideration	$	385,504
Assets acquired and liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	379
Inventory		20,259
Other assets		1,304
Property and equipment, net		268,660
Intangible assets		20,000
Right-of-use assets under operating leases		69,254
Environmental receivables		2,664
Deferred tax asset		19,135
Total assets		401,655
Other liabilities		(2,087	)
Environmental liabilities		(2,939	)
Asset retirement obligations		(10,875	)
Operating leases		(57,569	)
Total liabilities		(73,470	)
Total identifiable net assets		328,185
Goodwill	$	57,319

Consideration paid in cash	$	81,702
Consideration provided by Oak Street		258,019
Less: cash and cash equivalent balances acquired		(379	)
Net cash outflow	$	339,342

The initial accounting treatment of the TEG Acquisition reflected in these interim financial statements is provisional as the Company has not yet finalized the initial accounting treatment of the business combination, and, in this regard, has not finalized the valuation of some of the assets and liabilities acquired and the goodwill resulting from the TEG Acquisition, mainly due to the limited period of time between the TEG Acquisition closing date and the date of these interim financial statements. Therefore, some of the financial information presented with respect to the TEG Acquisition in these interim financial statements remains subject to change.

The Company included identifiable tangible assets and identifiable liabilities at their respective fair values based on the information available to the Company’s management on the TEG Acquisition closing date, including, among other things, a preliminary valuation performed by external consultants for this purpose. The useful life of both the wholesale fuel supply contracts and the trade name was estimated at five years.

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As a result of the preliminary accounting treatment of the TEG Acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $57.3 million, all of which was allocated to the GPMP segment attributable to the opportunity to add a significant amount of volume to the GPMP segment. None of the goodwill recognized is tax deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

Acquisition-related costs amounting to approximately $0.4 million and $3.3 million have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense within other expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Approximately $0.3 million of acquisition-related costs were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Results of operations for the TEG Acquisition for the period subsequent to the acquisition closing date were included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the period from the TEG Acquisition closing date through September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $564.3 million in revenues and $2.3 million of net loss related to the TEG Acquisition. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $247.2 million in revenues and $0.4 million of net income related to the TEG Acquisition.

WTG Fuels Holdings, LLC

On June 6, 2023, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries completed the acquisition of certain assets from WTG Fuels Holdings, LLC and certain other sellers party thereto (collectively, “WTG”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered on December 6, 2022, including (i) 24 company-operated Uncle’s convenience stores located across Western Texas, and (ii) 68 proprietary GASCARD-branded cardlock sites and 43 private cardlock sites for fleet fueling operations located in Western Texas and Southeastern New Mexico (the “WTG Acquisition”).

The purchase price for the WTG Acquisition was approximately $140.0 million, plus the value of inventory at the closing. The Company paid approximately $29.9 million of the purchase price including the value of inventory and other closing adjustments, of which $19.2 million was financed with the Capital One Line of Credit (as defined in Note 4 below). Oak Street, under the Program Agreement, paid the balance of the purchase price for fee simple ownership in 33 properties. At the closing, pursuant to the Program Agreement, the Company entered into master leases with Oak Street for the sites Oak Street acquired in the transaction under customary lease terms. For accounting purposes, the transaction with Oak Street was treated as a sale-leaseback. Because the sale-leaseback was off-market, a financial liability of $28.8 million was recorded, resulting in interest expense recognized over the lease term. Additionally, right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $49.0 million were recorded in connection with the operating lease, after reducing for accounting purposes from the contractual lease payments the amount attributable to the repayment of the additional financing.

The details of the WTG Acquisition were as follows:

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	Amount
	(in thousands)
Fair value of consideration transferred:
Cash	$	11,471
GPMP Capital One Line of Credit		19,200
Consideration provided by Oak Street		115,041
Total consideration	$	145,712
Assets acquired and liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	60
Inventory		5,694
Other assets		149
Property and equipment, net		128,396
Intangible assets		14,800
Right-of-use assets under operating leases		1,812
Environmental receivables		4
Total assets		150,915
Other liabilities		(598	)
Environmental liabilities		(136	)
Asset retirement obligations		(2,730	)
Operating leases		(1,739	)
Total liabilities		(5,203	)
Total identifiable net assets		145,712
Goodwill	$	—

Consideration paid in cash	$	30,671
Consideration provided by Oak Street		115,041
Less: cash and cash equivalent balances acquired		(60	)
Net cash outflow	$	145,652

The initial accounting treatment of the WTG Acquisition reflected in these interim financial statements is provisional as the Company has not yet finalized the initial accounting treatment of the business combination, and, in this regard, has not finalized the valuation of some of the assets and liabilities acquired and the goodwill resulting from the WTG Acquisition, mainly due to the limited period of time between the WTG Acquisition closing date and the date of these interim financial statements. Therefore, some of the financial information presented with respect to the WTG Acquisition in these interim financial statements remains subject to change.

The Company included identifiable tangible assets and identifiable liabilities at their respective fair values based on the information available to the Company’s management on the WTG Acquisition closing date, including, among other things, a preliminary valuation performed by management. The useful life of the contracts related to the third-party cardlock sites, the customer relationships related to the proprietary cardlock sites and the proprietary fuel cards, the wholesale fuel supply contracts and the trade name was each estimated at five years.

The Company’s preliminary accounting treatment of the WTG Acquisition resulted in no goodwill being recorded.

Acquisition-related costs amounting to approximately $0.1 million and $2.2 million have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense within other expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. No material acquisition-related costs were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Results of operations for the WTG Acquisition for the period subsequent to the acquisition closing date were included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the period from the WTG Acquisition closing date through September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $68.9 million in revenues and $0.6 million of net income related to the WTG Acquisition. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $54.0 million in revenues and $0.4 million of net income related to the WTG Acquisition.

Speedy Acquisition

On August 15, 2023, the Company acquired from a third party seven company-operated convenience stores located in Arkansas and Oklahoma (the “Speedy Acquisition”). Prior to the acquisition, the Company had supplied fuel to these sites, which had been

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operated by an independent dealer. The consideration at closing was approximately $13.7 million including cash and inventory in the stores on the closing date, of which approximately $10.4 million was paid by Oak Street under the Program Agreement for fee simple ownership in three of the properties. At the closing, pursuant to the Program Agreement, the Company entered into a master lease with Oak Street for the sites Oak Street acquired under customary lease terms. For accounting purposes, the transaction with Oak Street was treated as a sale-leaseback and the Company recorded right of use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $8.8 million in connection therewith. As of the closing, the Company leases the remaining four sites from the seller and Oak is expected to purchase the fee simple ownership in these sites from the seller, for approximately $10.3 million, within twenty months from the closing of the Speedy Acquisition, and then lease these sites to the Company.

Pride Convenience Holdings, LLC

On December 6, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in Pride Convenience Holdings, LLC, which operated at closing 31 convenience stores and gas stations in Connecticut and Massachusetts (the “Pride Acquisition”). In the second quarter of 2023, the Company updated the initial accounting treatment of the Pride Acquisition, including the valuation of some of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and the goodwill resulting from the acquisition. As a result, the Company primarily reduced property and equipment by approximately $4.7 million, increased accounts payable and other liabilities by a net $1.0 million, and increased the deferred tax asset by approximately $1.0 million. The adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted in an increase in goodwill of approximately $3.1 million, of which $0.4 million was allocated to the GPMP segment and the remainder was allocated to the retail segment attributable to the opportunities to expand into new geographic locations. These adjustments resulted in a reduction in depreciation and amortization expenses recorded, approximately $0.2 million that related to amounts recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022 and approximately $0.6 million that related to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Impact of Acquisitions (unaudited)

The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presented below was prepared based on the historical information of the Company and the acquired operations and gives pro forma effect to the acquisitions using the assumption that the Speedy Acquisition, the WTG Acquisition, the TEG Acquisition, the Pride Acquisition and the acquisition of 184 Quarles cardlock sites and 46 dealer locations on July 22, 2022 (the “Quarles Acquisition”) had occurred at the beginning of each period presented below. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may result from the acquisitions or any integration costs. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been had the acquisitions occurred at the beginning of each period presented below nor is it indicative of future results.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Total revenue	$	7,603,426	$	8,887,740
Net income		27,417		55,843

4. Debt

The components of debt were as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(in thousands)
Senior Notes	$	444,230		$	443,648
M&T debt		46,782			49,023
Capital One line of credit		331,665			256,430
Insurance premium notes		5,436			2,886
Total debt, net	$	828,113		$	751,987
Less current portion		(15,947	)		(11,944	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	812,166		$	740,043

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Financing agreement with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association

On May 5, 2023, GPM Petroleum LP (“GPMP”) renewed the credit agreement governing its revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association, to increase the aggregate principal amount of availability thereunder from $500 million to $800 million (as amended, the “Capital One Line of Credit”) and extend the maturity date from July 15, 2024 to May 5, 2028. At GPMP’s request, availability under the Capital One Line of Credit can be increased up to $1.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional financing commitments from current lenders or from other banks, and subject to certain other terms as detailed in the Capital One Line of Credit.

M&T Bank Credit Agreement

On September 28, 2023, GPM amended its credit agreement with M&T Bank (the “M&T Credit Agreement”) to increase the line of credit for purchases of equipment thereunder from $20.0 million to $45.0 million, which may be borrowed in tranches, advanced until September 28, 2026. Concurrent with entry into such amendment, GPM borrowed approximately $4.8 million under the line of credit primarily to purchase certain equipment. The M&T Credit Agreement provides that each additional equipment loan tranche will have a term of up to five years from the date it is advanced, payable in equal monthly payments of principal plus interest equal to SOFR (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) plus 2.75%. The equipment loans are secured by the equipment acquired with the proceeds of such loans along with real estate pledged to M&T for real estate loans.

5. Leases

As of September 30, 2023, the Company leased 1,289 of the convenience stores that it operates, 209 dealer locations, 156 cardlock locations and certain office and storage spaces, including land and buildings in certain cases. Most of the lease agreements are for long-term periods, ranging from 15 to 20 years, and generally include several renewal options for extension periods for five to 25 years each. Additionally, the Company leases certain store equipment, office equipment, automatic tank gauges and fuel dispensers.

The components of lease cost recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of right-of-use assets	$	2,695	$	3,020	$	8,333	$	9,104
Interest on lease liabilities		4,229		4,226		12,533		12,857
Operating lease costs included in store operating expenses		46,939		36,758		134,275		105,411
Operating lease costs included in general and administrative expenses		553		473		1,674		1,211
Lease cost related to variable lease payments, short-term leases and leases of low value assets		556		602		1,957		1,815
Right-of-use asset impairment charges and loss on disposals of leases		2,019		911		3,473		911
Total lease costs	$	56,991	$	45,990	$	162,245	$	131,309

Supplemental balance sheet data related to leases was as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(in thousands)
Operating leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		14.2			14.1
Weighted average discount rate		7.8	%		7.7	%
Financing leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		22.1			23.4
Weighted average discount rate		7.2	%		7.2	%

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As of September 30, 2023, maturities of lease liabilities for operating lease obligations and financing lease obligations having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year were presented in the table below. The minimum lease payments presented below include periods where an option is reasonably certain to be exercised and do not take into consideration any future consumer price index adjustments for these agreements.


	Operating			Financing
	(in thousands)
October 2023 through September 2024	$	175,877		$	26,233
October 2024 through September 2025		177,272			27,100
October 2025 through September 2026		177,298			20,814
October 2026 through September 2027		174,992			20,777
October 2027 through September 2028		170,208			21,005
Thereafter		1,662,918			409,024
Gross lease payments	$	2,538,565		$	524,953
Less: imputed interest		(1,058,523	)		(287,316	)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,480,042		$	237,637

6. Financial Derivative Instruments

The Company makes limited use of derivative instruments (futures contracts) to manage certain risks related to diesel fuel prices. The Company does not hold any derivatives for speculative purposes, and it does not use derivatives with leveraged or complex features. The Company currently uses derivative instruments that are traded primarily over national exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”). For accounting purposes, the Company has designated its derivative contracts as fair value hedges of firm commitments.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had fuel futures contracts in place to hedge approximately 1.8 million gallons of diesel fuel for which the Company had a firm commitment to purchase. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had asset derivatives with fair values of approximately $0.05 million and $0.5 million, respectively, recorded in other current assets and firm commitments with fair values of approximately $0.05 million and $0.5 million, respectively, recorded in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $0.05 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of cash collateral provided to counterparties that was classified as restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. All cash flows associated with purchasing and selling fuel derivative instruments are classified as other operating activities, net cash flows in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

7. Equity

The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) declared and the Company paid dividends of $0.03 per share of common stock on each of March 21, 2023, June 1, 2023 and September 1, 2023, totaling approximately $10.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The amount and timing of dividends payable on the common stock are within the sole discretion of the Board, which will evaluate dividend payments within the context of the Company’s overall capital allocation strategy on an ongoing basis, giving consideration to its current and forecast earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors. As a result of the aggregate amount of dividends paid on the common stock through September 30, 2023, the conversion price of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock has been adjusted from $12.00 to $11.82 per share, as were the threshold share prices in the Deferred Shares agreement (as defined in Note 10). The Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share of common stock, to be paid on December 1, 2023 to stockholders of record as of November 17, 2023.

In February 2022, the Board authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate of $50 million of outstanding shares of common stock and in May 2023, the Board increased the size of the share repurchase program to $100.0 million. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased approximately 1.5 million and 3.1 million shares of common stock, respectively, under the repurchase program for approximately $11.6 million and $23.5 million, or an average share price of $7.53 and $7.55, respectively.

8. Share-Based Compensation

The Compensation Committee of the Board has approved the grant of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and shares to certain employees, non-employees and members of the Board under the ARKO Corp. 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”). Stock options granted under the Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and the

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exercise price may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Vesting periods are assigned to stock options and restricted share units on a grant-by-grant basis at the discretion of the Board. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs.

Additionally, a non-employee director may receive RSUs in lieu of up to 100% of his or her cash fees, which RSUs will be settled in common stock upon the director’s departure from the Board or an earlier change in control of the Company.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes share activity related to stock options:


	Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Fair Value		Remaining Average Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Options Outstanding, December 31, 2022		897	$	9.24				9.0	$	77
Granted		409		8.58		3.27
Options Outstanding, September 30, 2023		1,306	$	9.03				8.6	$	—

The aggregate intrinsic value is the difference between the exercise price and the closing price of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 352 thousand stock options vested.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was approximately $1.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years.

The fair value of each stock option award is estimated by management on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions utilized in the valuation of the stock option awards granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023:


Expected dividend rate	1.4	%
Expected stock price volatility	28.8	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.0	%
Expected term of options (years)	10.0

The expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price plus the Company’s peer group’s stock price for the period prior to the Company’s listing on Nasdaq. The volatilities are estimated for a period of time equal to the expected term of the related option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term. The expected term of the options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is determined by considering the contractual terms, vesting schedule and expectations of future employee behavior.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes share activity related to RSUs:


	Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Nonvested RSUs, December 31, 2022		3,115		$	8.90
Granted		1,750			8.39
Released		(630	)		8.97
Forfeited		(37	)		9.22
Performance-based share adjustment		144			8.13
Nonvested RSUs, September 30, 2023		4,342		$	8.66

In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 125,246 RSUs were issued to non-employee directors. These awards are included in the table above under restricted stock units. There were 287,332 and 198,170 RSUs issued to non-employee directors outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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The fair value of RSUs released during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $5.4 million.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted a target of 1,134,280 performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”). The PSUs were awarded to certain members of senior management and provide for cliff vesting, generally at the end of a three-year period, subject to the achievement of specific key financial metrics measured over such period. The number of PSUs that will ultimately vest is contingent upon the achievement of these key financial metrics at the end of the relevant performance period. The Company assesses the probability of achieving these metrics on a quarterly basis.

Given the Company’s strong performance in 2022, in the first quarter of 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the adjustment of the performance criteria for 2022 such that the percentage of PSUs that vest with respect to the target amount for 2022 would be 125% instead of 100% and would be applied to all PSUs granted as part of the 2021 and 2022 long-term incentives. As a result, the number of PSUs was adjusted for the probability of achieving these metrics, resulting in additional expense of $0.1 million being recorded in the first quarter of 2023, based on the fair value at the adjustment approval date. For PSUs with market conditions, the Company recognizes the fair value expense ratably over the performance and vesting period.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs and PSUs was approximately $19.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.8 years.

Share-Based Compensation Cost

Total share-based compensation cost recorded collectively for employees, non-employees and members of the Board for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $4.6 million, $3.1 million, $13.2 million and $9.0 million, respectively, and included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

9. Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	19,991	$	23,494		$	28,990	$	54,635
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—		1,449			—		—
Changes in fair value of Ares Put Option (See Note 10)		—		(2,425	)		—		(1,894	)
Net income available to common stockholders after assumed conversions	$	19,991	$	22,518		$	28,990	$	52,741

Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic		118,389		120,074			119,505		121,950
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted share units		1,903		1,182			1,097		618
Ares Put Option		—		757			—		959
Redeemable preferred stock		—		8,375			—		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Diluted		120,292		130,388			120,602		123,527
Net income per share available to common stockholders — Basic	$	0.17	$	0.20		$	0.24	$	0.45
Net income per share available to common stockholders — Diluted	$	0.17	$	0.17		$	0.24	$	0.43

The following potential shares of common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been antidilutive:


	As of September 30,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Stock options		1,306		897
Ares warrants		1,100		1,100
Public and Private warrants		17,333		17,333

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The effect of the potential shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the redeemable preferred stock was antidilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and such shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share.

10. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, trade receivables, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. On October 21, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”). Based on market trades of the Senior Notes close to September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Level 1 fair value measurement), the fair value of the Senior Notes was estimated at approximately $365.1 million and $354.7 million, respectively, compared to a gross carrying value of $450 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of the other long-term debt approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due to the frequency with which interest rates are reset based on changes in prevailing interest rates. The fair value of fuel futures contracts was determined using NYMEX quoted values.

The contingent consideration from the acquisition of the business of Empire Petroleum Partners, LLC is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $3.3 million and $3.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value methodology for the contingent consideration liability is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. Approximately $0.1 million, $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $(0.3) million were recorded as components of interest and other financial expenses (income) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $1.0 million, $(1.6) million, $(0.7) million and $(2.1) million of expenses (income) were recorded as components of other expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The public warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”), of which approximately 14.8 million were outstanding as of September 30, 2023, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $15.8 million and $25.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Public Warrants is categorized as Level 1. Approximately $(6.2) million, $5.3 million, $(10.1) million and $0.1 million were recorded as components of interest and other financial (income) expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Public Warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The private warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Private Warrants”), of which approximately 2.5 million were outstanding as of September 30, 2023, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $2.4 million and $4.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Private Warrants is categorized as Level 2 because certain inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Private Warrants have been recorded at fair value based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:


	September 30, 2023
Expected term (in years)		2.2
Expected dividend rate		1.7	%
Volatility		45.3	%
Risk-free interest rate		5.0	%
Strike price	$	11.50

For the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants, approximately $(1.1) million, $1.1 million, $(2.1) million and $0.3 million were recorded as components of interest and other financial (income) expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Haymaker Founders (as defined in Note 17 to the annual financial statements) will be entitled to up to 200 thousand shares of common stock to be issued subject to the number of incremental shares of common stock issued to the holders of the Series A redeemable preferred stock not being higher than certain thresholds (the “Deferred Shares”). The Deferred Shares are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $1.2 million and $1.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Deferred Shares is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation

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methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Deferred Shares have been recorded at fair value based on a Monte Carlo pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:


	September 30, 2023
Expected term (in years)		3.7
Volatility		36.2	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.7	%
Stock price	$	7.15

Approximately $(0.1) million, $0.2 million, $(0.3) million and $0 were recorded as components of interest and other financial (income) expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Deferred Shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company entered into an agreement with Ares Capital Corporation (“Ares”) and certain of its affiliates (the “Ares Put Option”), which guaranteed Ares a value of approximately $27.3 million (including all dividend payments received by Ares) at the end of February 2023 for the shares of common stock that the Company issued in consideration for its acquisition in December 2020 of equity in GPM (the “Ares Shares”). The Company and Ares agreed that in lieu of the Company issuing to Ares additional shares of common stock in accordance with the Ares Put Option or purchasing the Ares Shares, Ares would retain the Ares Shares, and the Company would pay approximately $9.8 million in cash to Ares in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations related to the Ares Put Option. The Company made this payment on April 14, 2023, and the Ares Put Option terminated. The Ares Put Option had been measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $8.6 million as of December 31, 2022.

Approximately $0, $(2.4) million, $1.2 million and $(1.9) million were recorded as components of interest and other financial (income) expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Ares Put Option for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

11. Segment Reporting

The reportable segments were determined based on information reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for operational decision-making purposes and the segment information is prepared on the same basis that the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews such financial information. The Company’s reportable segments are retail, wholesale, fleet fueling and GPMP. The Company defines segment earnings as operating income.

The retail segment includes the operation of a chain of retail stores, which includes convenience stores selling fuel products and other merchandise to retail customers. At its Company operated convenience stores, the Company owns the merchandise and fuel inventory and employs personnel to manage the store.

The wholesale segment supplies fuel to dealers, sub-wholesalers and bulk and spot purchasers, on either a cost plus or consignment basis. For consignment arrangements, the Company retains ownership of the fuel inventory at the site, is responsible for the pricing of the fuel to the end consumer, and shares the gross profit with the dealers.

The fleet fueling segment includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations), and commissions from the sales of fuel using proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites.

The GPMP segment includes GPMP and primarily includes its sale and supply of fuel to GPM and its subsidiaries related to substantially all of its sites that sell fuel in the retail and wholesale segments, at GPMP’s cost of fuel (including taxes and transportation) plus a fixed margin (currently 5.0 cents per gallon), and charges a fixed fee to sites in the fleet fueling segment and certain Company sites which are not supplied by GPMP (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold). GPMP also supplies fuel to a small number of dealers and bulk and spot purchasers.

The “All Other” segment includes the results of non-reportable segments which do not meet both quantitative and qualitative criteria as defined under ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The Company revised the composition of the “All Other” segment in the third quarter of 2022 in conjunction with the closing of the Quarles Acquisition.

The majority of general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, net other expenses, net interest and other financial expenses, income taxes and minor other income items including intercompany operating leases are not allocated to the segments.

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With the exception of goodwill, assets and liabilities relevant to the reportable segments are not assigned to any particular segment, but rather, managed at the consolidated level. All reportable segment revenues were generated from sites within the U.S. and substantially all of the Company’s assets were within the U.S.

Inter-segment transactions primarily included the distribution of fuel by GPMP to GPM and substantially all of its sites that sell fuel (both in the retail and wholesale segments) and charges by GPMP to sites that sell fuel in the fleet fueling segment and certain Company sites which are not supplied by GPMP. The effect of these inter-segment transactions was eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.


	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	1,086,405	$	843,891	$	145,496	$	1,044		$	9,556		$	2,086,392
Merchandise revenue		506,425		—		—		—			—			506,425
Other revenues, net		19,750		6,265		2,575		253			394			29,237
Total revenues from external customers		1,612,580		850,156		148,071		1,297			9,950			2,622,054
Inter-segment		—		—		—		1,472,316			6,241			1,478,557
Total revenues from reportable segments		1,612,580		850,156		148,071		1,473,613			16,191			4,100,611
Operating income		81,504		10,026		8,828		27,016			(521	)		126,853
Interest and financial expenses, net								(8,836	)		—			(8,836	)
Loss from equity investment											(14	)		(14	)
Net income from segments													$	118,003


	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	1,028,323	$	827,436	$	120,813	$	1,437		$	1,565		$	1,979,574
Merchandise revenue		445,822		—		—		—			—			445,822
Other revenues, net		16,651		5,693		923		261			723			24,251
Total revenues from external customers		1,490,796		833,129		121,736		1,698			2,288			2,449,647
Inter-segment		—		—		—		1,445,072			857			1,445,929
Total revenues from reportable segments		1,490,796		833,129		121,736		1,446,770			3,145			3,895,576
Operating income		84,849		10,459		6,629		23,388			245			125,570
Interest and financial expenses, net								(3,209	)		—			(3,209	)
Loss from equity investment											(44	)		(44	)
Net income from segments													$	122,317


	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	2,945,243	$	2,339,878	$	394,136	$	2,842		$	23,057		$	5,705,156
Merchandise revenue		1,391,274		—		—		—			—			1,391,274
Other revenues, net		57,302		18,866		5,202		700			1,071			83,141
Total revenues from external customers		4,393,819		2,358,744		399,338		3,542			24,128			7,179,571
Inter-segment		—		—		—		3,981,724			13,844			3,995,568
Total revenues from reportable segments		4,393,819		2,358,744		399,338		3,985,266			37,972			11,175,139
Operating income		200,992		24,343		26,596		76,646			(59	)		328,518
Interest and financial expenses, net								(20,926	)		—			(20,926	)
Loss from equity investment											(77	)		(77	)
Net income from segments													$	307,515

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	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	3,000,839	$	2,521,567	$	120,813	$	4,170		$	1,565		$	5,648,954
Merchandise revenue		1,244,558		—		—		—			—			1,244,558
Other revenues, net		49,642		17,148		923		773			723			69,209
Total revenues from external customers		4,295,039		2,538,715		121,736		4,943			2,288			6,962,721
Inter-segment		—		—		—		4,459,036			1,461			4,460,497
Total revenues from reportable segments		4,295,039		2,538,715		121,736		4,463,979			3,749			11,423,218
Operating income		202,375		27,658		6,629		65,794			849			303,305
Interest and financial expenses, net								(7,473	)		—			(7,473	)
Income tax benefit											177			177
Loss from equity investment											(7	)		(7	)
Net income from segments													$	296,002

A reconciliation of total revenues from reportable segments to total revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Total revenues from segments	$	4,100,611		$	3,895,576		$	11,175,139		$	11,423,218
Elimination of inter-segment revenues		(1,478,557	)		(1,445,929	)		(3,995,568	)		(4,460,497	)
Total revenues	$	2,622,054		$	2,449,647		$	7,179,571		$	6,962,721

A reconciliation of net income from reportable segments to net income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Net income from segments	$	118,003		$	122,317		$	307,515		$	296,002
Amounts not allocated to segments:
Store operating expenses		(3,760	)		576			(10,041	)		1,907
General and administrative expenses		(43,262	)		(35,245	)		(124,785	)		(98,521	)
Depreciation and amortization		(31,872	)		(24,218	)		(89,424	)		(69,523	)
Other expenses, net		(3,885	)		(951	)		(11,561	)		(3,269	)
Interest and other financial expenses, net		(5,743	)		(16,587	)		(27,415	)		(36,241	)
Income tax expense		(7,993	)		(20,898	)		(10,849	)		(31,237	)
Net income	$	21,488		$	24,994		$	33,440		$	59,118

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Liabilities and Contingencies

The Company is subject to certain federal and state environmental laws and regulations associated with sites at which it stores and sells fuel and other fuel products, as well as at owned and leased locations leased or subleased to dealers. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, environmental obligations totaled $14.1 million and $12.1 million, respectively. These amounts were recorded as other current and non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Environmental reserves have been established on an undiscounted basis based upon internal and external estimates in regard to each site. It is reasonably possible that these amounts will be adjusted in the future due to changes in estimates of environmental remediation costs, the timing of the payments or changes in federal and/or state environmental regulations.

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The Company maintains certain environmental insurance policies and participates in various state underground storage tank funds that entitle it to be reimbursed for environmental loss mitigation. Estimated amounts that will be recovered from its insurance policies and various state funds for the exposures totaled $7.6 million and $4.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were recorded as other current and non-current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Asset Retirement Obligation

As part of the fuel operations at its operated convenience stores, at most of the other owned and leased locations leased to dealers, certain other dealer locations and proprietary cardlock locations, there are aboveground and underground storage tanks for which the Company is responsible. The future cost to remove a storage tank is recognized over the estimated remaining useful life of the storage tank or the termination of the applicable lease. A liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation with a corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset is recorded at the time a storage tank is installed. The estimated liability is based upon historical experience in removing storage tanks, estimated tank useful lives, external estimates as to the cost to remove the tanks in the future and current and anticipated federal and state regulatory requirements governing the removal of tanks, and discounted. The Company has recorded an asset retirement obligation of $81.0 million and $65.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current portion of the asset retirement obligation is included in other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Program Agreement

On May 2, 2023, GPM, together with Oak Street, entered into a third amendment to the Program Agreement, which, among other things, (i) extended the term of the Program Agreement and the exclusivity period thereunder through September 30, 2024 and (ii) provides for up to $1.5 billion of capacity under the Program Agreement from the date of the third amendment through September 30, 2024, not including the funding for the WTG Acquisition.

Legal Matters

The Company is a party to various legal actions, as both plaintiff and defendant, in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s management believes, based on estimations with support from legal counsel for these matters, that these legal actions are routine in nature and incidental to the operation of the Company’s business and that it is not reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

13. Related Party Transactions

There have been no material changes to the description of related party transactions as set forth in the annual financial statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

You should read this discussion together with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, related notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q together with our audited consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Form 10-K”). The following discussion contains assumptions, estimates and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Risk Factors,” in Part I, Item 1A of the Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as described from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

ARKO Corp. was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on August 26, 2020. Our shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“common stock”), and publicly-traded warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) and trade under the symbols “ARKO” and “ARKOW,” respectively. GPM Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as GPM, is our operating entity and our indirect wholly owned subsidiary.

Based in Richmond, VA, we are a leading independent convenience store operator and, as of September 30, 2023, we were the sixth largest convenience store chain in the United States (“U.S.”) ranked by store count, operating 1,552 retail convenience stores. As of September 30, 2023, we operated the stores under more than 25 regional store brands including 1-Stop, Admiral, Apple Market®, BreadBox, Corner Mart, Dixie Mart, ExpressStop, E-Z Mart®, fas mart®, fastmarket®, Flash Market, Handy Mart, Jetz, Jiffi Stop®, Jiffy Stop, Li’l Cricket, Market Express, Next Door Store®, Pride, Roadrunner Markets, Rose Mart, Rstore, Scotchman®, shore stop®, Town Star, Uncle’s, Village Pantry® and Young’s. As of September 30, 2023, we also supplied fuel to 1,825 dealers and operated 295 cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations). We are well diversified geographically and as of September 30, 2023, operated in more than 30 states and the District of Columbia in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southwestern U.S.

Our primary business is the operation of convenience stores. As such, we derive a significant portion of our revenue from the retail sale of fuel and the products offered in our stores, resulting in our retail stores generating a large proportion of our profitability. Our retail stores offer a wide array of cold and hot foodservice, beverages, cigarettes and other tobacco products, candy, salty snacks, grocery, beer and general merchandise. We have foodservice offerings at approximately 1,260 company-operated stores. The foodservice category includes hot and fresh grab-n-go foods, deli, fried chicken, bakery, pizza, roller grill items and other prepared foods. In addition, at our stores, we operate approximately 150 branded quick service restaurants consisting of major national brands. We have 18 Sbarro, the Original New York Pizza, locations and are currently working on additional food offerings. Additionally, we provide a number of traditional convenience store services that generate additional income, including lottery, prepaid products, gift cards, money orders, ATMs, gaming, and other ancillary product and service offerings. We also generate revenues from car washes at approximately 90 of our locations.

Our high value fas REWARDS® loyalty program has reached approximately 1.85 million enrolled members, an increase of more than 365,000 enrolled members in the third quarter of 2023, and an increase of approximately 50% in our enrolled membership compared to September 30, 2022, with a material enrollment uptick during the second and third quarters of 2023 after launching our new fas REWARDS app in the first quarter of 2023 and launching a special $10 enrollment promotion commencing in mid-May 2023 through September 2023. Our fas REWARDS® loyalty program is available in the majority of our stores and offers enrolled loyalty members in store exclusive promotional pricing, in-app member only HOT deals not available in stores, order and delivery, age verified offers on tobacco and alcohol, and a store locator with current gas prices at GPM stores close to members.

We also derive revenue from the wholesale distribution of fuel and the sale of fuel at cardlock locations, and we earn commissions from the sales of fuel using proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites. We believe these revenues result in stable, ratable cash flows which together with free cash flow from our retail activity can quickly be deployed to pursue accretive acquisitions and investments in our retail stores. Additionally, these locations contribute to our overall size, which leads to economies of scale with our fuel and merchandise vendors.

Our reportable segments are described below.

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Retail Segment

The retail segment includes the operation of a chain of retail stores, which includes convenience stores selling fuel products and other merchandise to retail customers. At our convenience stores, we own the merchandise and fuel inventory and employ personnel to manage the store.

Wholesale Segment

The wholesale segment supplies fuel to dealers, on either a cost plus or consignment basis. For consignment arrangements, we retain ownership of the fuel inventory at the site, are responsible for the pricing of the fuel to the end consumer and share a portion of the gross profit earned from the sale of fuel by the consignment dealers. For cost plus arrangements, we sell fuel to dealers and bulk and spot purchasers on a fixed-fee basis. The sales price to the dealer is determined according to the terms of the relevant agreement with the dealer, which typically reflects our total fuel costs plus the cost of transportation and a margin, with us generally retaining the prompt pay discounts and rebates.

Fleet Fueling Segment

The fleet fueling segment includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations), and issuance of proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites.

GPMP Segment

The GPMP segment includes the operations of GPM Petroleum LP, referred to as GPMP, which primarily sells and supplies fuel to GPM and substantially all of its subsidiaries that sell fuel in the retail and wholesale segments at GPMP’s cost of fuel (including taxes and transportation) plus a fixed margin and a fixed fee charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment and certain Company sites which are not supplied by GPMP.

Trends Impacting Our Business

We have achieved strong store growth over the last decade, primarily by implementing a highly successful acquisition strategy. From 2013 through September 30, 2023, we completed 25 acquisitions. On August 15, 2023, we acquired seven company-operated Speedy’s convenience stores located in Arkansas and Oklahoma, which were previously locations operated by an independent dealer to which we supplied fuel (the “Speedy Acquisition”). On June 6, 2023, we completed our acquisition from WTG Fuels Holdings, LLC of 24 company-operated Uncle’s convenience stores located across Western Texas, 68 proprietary GASCARD-branded cardlock sites and 43 private cardlock sites for fleet fueling operations located in Western Texas and Southeastern New Mexico (the “WTG Acquisition”). On March 1, 2023, we completed our acquisition from Transit Energy Group, LLC of 135 Company-operated convenience stores and gas stations, 181 dealer locations, a commercial, government, and industrial business, and certain distribution and transportation assets (the “TEG Acquisition” and, together with the WTG Acquisition and the Speedy Acquisition, the “2023 Acquisitions”). For additional information regarding the 2023 Acquisitions, please see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In December 2022, we completed our acquisition of Pride Convenience Holdings, LLC, which operated at closing, 31 Pride retail convenience stores and had one store under construction at closing which is now opened (the “Pride Acquisition”), and in July 2022, we completed our acquisition of certain assets from Quarles Petroleum, Incorporated (the “Quarles Acquisition”), which included at closing 121 proprietary Quarles-branded cardlock sites and 63 third-party cardlock sites for fleet fueling operations, and 46 dealer locations (collectively, the “2022 Acquisitions”). Our store count has grown from 320 sites in 2011 to 3,672 sites as of September 30, 2023, of which 1,552 were operated as retail convenience stores, 1,825 were locations at which we supplied fuel to dealers and 295 were cardlock locations. These strategic acquisitions have had, and we expect will continue to have, a significant impact on our reported results and can make period to period comparisons of results difficult. With

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our achievement of significant size and scale, we have enhanced our focus on organic growth, including implementing company-wide marketing and merchandising initiatives, which we believe will result in significant value accretion to our acquired assets.

The following table provides a history of our acquisitions, site conversions and site closings for the periods noted, for the retail, wholesale and fleet fueling segments:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Segment	2023			2022			2023			2022
Number of sites at beginning of period		1,547			1,388			1,404			1,406
Acquired sites		7			—			166			—
Newly opened or reopened sites		1			—			4			—
Company-controlled sites converted to consignment or fuel supply locations, net		(2	)		(2	)		(13	)		(9	)
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(1	)		(3	)		(9	)		(14	)
Number of sites at end of period		1,552			1,383			1,552			1,383


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Wholesale Segment 1	2023			2022			2023			2022
Number of sites at beginning of period		1,824			1,620			1,674			1,628
Acquired sites		—			46			190			46
Newly opened or reopened sites 2		34			20			58			60
Consignment or fuel supply locations converted from Company-controlled sites, net		2			2			13			9
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(35	)		(18	)		(110	)		(73	)
Number of sites at end of period		1,825			1,670			1,825			1,670

1 Excludes bulk and spot purchasers.

2 Includes all signed fuel supply agreements irrespective of fuel distribution commencement date.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Fleet Fueling Segment	2023			2022			2023			2022
Number of sites at beginning of period		293			—			183			—
Acquired sites		—			184			111			184
Newly opened or reopened sites		4			—			4			—
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(2	)		(1	)		(3	)		(1	)
Number of sites at end of period		295			183			295			183

In recent years, the convenience store industry has focused on increasing and improving in-store foodservice offerings, including fresh foods, quick service restaurants or proprietary food offerings. We believe consumers may be more likely to patronize convenience stores that include such new and improved food offerings, which may also lead to increased inside merchandise sales or fuel sales for such stores. Our current foodservice offering, which varies by store, primarily consists of hot and fresh grab-n-go foods, deli, fried chicken, bakery, pizza, roller grill items and other prepared foods. We have historically relied upon a limited number of franchised quick service restaurants and in-store delis to drive customer traffic rather than other types of foodservice offerings. As a result, we believe that our under-penetration of foodservice presents an opportunity to expand foodservice offerings and margin in response to changing consumer behavior. In October 2023, we expanded our leadership team and named Richard Guidry in the newly created role of Senior Vice President of Food Service. This expansion tracks our commitment to growing our food service offering. In addition, we believe that continued investment in new technology platforms and applications to adapt to evolving consumer eating preferences, including contactless checkout, order ahead service, and delivery, will further drive growth in profitability.

Our results of operation are significantly impacted by the retail fuel margins we earn on gallons sold. These fuel margins can change rapidly as they are influenced by many factors including: the price of refined products; interruptions in supply caused by severe weather; supply chain disruptions; refinery mechanical failures; and competition in the local markets in which we operate.

The cost of our main products, gasoline and diesel fuel, is greatly impacted by the wholesale cost of fuel in the United States. We attempt to pass wholesale fuel cost changes through to our customers through retail price changes; however, we are not always able to do so. Competitive conditions primarily affect the timing of any related increase or decrease in retail prices. As a result, we tend to experience lower fuel margins when the cost of fuel is increasing gradually over a longer period and higher fuel margins when

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the cost of fuel is declining or more volatile over a shorter period of time. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we experienced historically high fuel margins as a result of the volatile market for gasoline and diesel fuel. In particular, in the first quarter of 2022, the war in Ukraine significantly affected market conditions and resulted in substantially higher fuel margins. Depending on future market and geopolitical conditions, the supply of fuel, including diesel fuel in particular, may become constrained. As such, we maintain terminal storage of diesel fuel for short-term supply needs for our fleet fueling sites.

Additionally, throughout 2022 and the first three quarters of 2023, the U.S. economy continued to experience inflationary pressures, which has increased merchandise cost and reduced consumer purchasing power. We have mitigated a portion of these higher costs with retail price increases. If this trend continues or increases, it could negatively impact demand for our products and services, as well as seasonal travel patterns, which could reduce future sales volumes. Additionally, because of current labor market conditions and the prevailing wage rates in the markets in which we operate, we have voluntarily increased wages, which has increased our costs associated with recruiting and retaining qualified personnel, and may continue to do so in the future.

We also operate in a highly competitive retail convenience market that includes businesses with operations and services that are similar to those that we provide. We face significant competition from other large chain operators. In particular, large convenience store chains have increased their number of locations and remodeled their existing locations in recent years, enhancing their competitive position. We believe that convenience stores managed by individual operators who offer branded or non-branded fuel are also significant competitors in the market. The convenience store industry is also experiencing competition from other retail sectors including grocery stores, large warehouse retail stores, dollar stores and pharmacies.

We believe that we have a significant opportunity to increase our sales and profitability by continuing to execute on our organic and inorganic strategies, improving the performance of current stores through enhanced offerings to meet our customers needs, and growing our store base in existing and contiguous markets through acquisitions.

Business Highlights

The 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions contributed to the improvement in our results of operations for the third quarter of 2023, as compared to the third quarter of 2022 which was partially offset by less fuel contribution on a same store basis, primarily due to market conditions in the third quarter of 2022. Store operating expenses increased in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily as a result of expenses associated with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions. General and administrative expenses also increased in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily as a result of expenses associated with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, wage increases, and an increase in share-based compensation expense.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal, and our operating income in the second and third quarters has historically been significantly greater than in the first and fourth quarters as a result of the generally improved climate and seasonal buying patterns of our customers. Inclement weather, especially in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. during the winter months, can negatively impact our financial results.

Results of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

The period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation have been prepared using our condensed consolidated interim financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with such condensed interim consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Consolidated Results

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The table below shows our consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, together with certain key metrics.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	2,086,392		$	1,979,574		$	5,705,156		$	5,648,954
Merchandise revenue		506,425			445,822			1,391,274			1,244,558
Other revenues, net		29,237			24,251			83,141			69,209
Total revenues		2,622,054			2,449,647			7,179,571			6,962,721
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,923,869			1,824,437			5,262,854			5,250,105
Merchandise costs		345,699			306,930			952,925			866,110
Store operating expenses		226,698			189,582			637,383			534,197
General and administrative expenses		44,116			35,954			127,192			100,695
Depreciation and amortization		33,713			26,061			94,949			75,050
Total operating expenses		2,574,095			2,382,964			7,075,303			6,826,157
Other expenses, net		3,885			951			11,561			3,269
Operating income		44,074			65,732			92,707			133,295
Interest and other financial expenses, net		(14,579	)		(19,796	)		(48,341	)		(43,110	)
Income before income taxes		29,495			45,936			44,366			90,185
Income tax expense		(7,993	)		(20,898	)		(10,849	)		(31,060	)
Loss from equity investment		(14	)		(44	)		(77	)		(7	)
Net income	$	21,488		$	24,994		$	33,440		$	59,118
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		48			51			149			182
Net income attributable to ARKO Corp.	$	21,440		$	24,943		$	33,291		$	58,936
Series A redeemable preferred stock dividends		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		(4,301	)		(4,301	)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	19,991		$	23,494		$	28,990		$	54,635
Fuel gallons sold		592,122			520,662			1,683,556			1,462,388
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1		27.4			29.8			26.3			27.3
Merchandise contribution2		160,726			138,892		$	438,349		$	378,448
Merchandise margin3		31.7	%		31.2	%		31.5	%		30.4	%
Adjusted EBITDA4		91,163			99,468			224,889		$	228,621

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold.

2 Calculated as merchandise revenue less merchandise costs.

3 Calculated as merchandise contribution divided by merchandise revenue.

4 Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $106.8 million, or 5.4%, compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in fuel revenue was primarily attributable to incremental gallons sold related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, which was partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel compared to the third quarter of 2022 and fewer gallons sold at same stores in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise revenue increased by $60.6 million, or 13.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition. Offsetting this increase was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, other revenue increased by $5.0 million, or 20.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to additional revenue from the 2023 Acquisitions, the 2022 Acquisitions and greater lottery commissions.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, total operating expenses increased by $191.1 million, or 8.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2022. Fuel costs increased $99.4 million, or 5.5%, compared to the third quarter of 2022 due to incremental gallons related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, which were partially offset by both fewer gallons sold and a lower average cost of fuel on a same store basis. Merchandise costs increased $38.8 million, or 12.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to increased costs related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition, offset by a decrease in merchandise costs from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, store

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operating expenses increased $37.1 million, or 19.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022 due to incremental expenses as a result of the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, which were partially offset by a decrease in expenses at same stores.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses increased $8.2 million, or 22.7%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to approximately $7.2 million of incremental expenses associated with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, annual wage increases and an increase of $1.5 million in share-based compensation expense primarily related to equity grants in the first quarter of 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $7.7 million, or 29.4%, compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to assets acquired in connection with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, other expenses, net increased by $2.9 million, compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to greater losses on disposal of assets and impairment charges in the third quarter of 2023 and expenses recorded for the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration in the third quarter of 2023, compared to income recorded in the third quarter of 2022, which were partially offset by lower acquisition costs.

Operating income was $44.1 million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $65.7 million for the third quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to reduced fuel contribution at same stores, which was partially offset with incremental income from the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, interest and other financial expenses, net decreased by $5.2 million compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily related to an increase of $11.6 million in income, net, recorded in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the prior year period, for fair value adjustments related to the Ares Put Option, Public Warrants, Private Warrants and Deferred Shares (each as defined in Note 10 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and additional interest income generated in the third quarter of 2023, which was partially offset by greater debt at higher rates outstanding in 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $8.0 million compared to income tax expense of $20.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time non-cash tax expense in the amount of approximately $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 the Company recorded in connection with its internal entity realignment and streamlining.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net income attributable to the Company was $21.4 million and $24.9 million, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA was $91.2 million compared to $99.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Approximately $22.9 million of lower fuel contribution from retail same stores and legacy wholesale sites negatively impacted Adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2023, which was partially offset by incremental Adjusted EBITDA from the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $56.2 million, or 1.0%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022. The increase in fuel revenue was primarily attributable to incremental gallons sold related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, which was partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel compared to the first three quarters of 2022 and fewer gallons sold at same stores in the first three quarters of 2023 compared to the first three quarters of 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise revenue increased by $146.7 million, or 11.8%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition and an increase in same store merchandise revenues. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other revenue increased by $13.9 million, or 20.1%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to additional revenue from the 2023 Acquisitions, the 2022 Acquisitions and greater lottery commissions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total operating expenses increased by $249.1 million, or 3.6%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022. Fuel costs increased $12.7 million, or 0.2%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022 due to incremental gallons related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, which were partially offset by both fewer gallons sold

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and a lower average cost of fuel on a same store basis. Merchandise costs increased $86.8 million, or 10.0%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to increased costs related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition and a corresponding increase in same store merchandise sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses increased $103.2 million, or 19.3%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022 due to incremental expenses as a result of the 2023 Acquisitions, the 2022 Acquisitions and an increase in expenses at same stores.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses increased $26.5 million, or 26.3%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to approximately $18.7 million in expenses associated with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions, annual wage increases and an increase of $4.2 million in share-based compensation expense primarily related to equity grants in the first quarters of 2023 and 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $19.9 million, or 26.5%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022 primarily due to assets acquired in the previous twelve month period, largely in connection with the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other expenses, net increased by $8.3 million compared to the first three quarters of 2022 primarily due to an increase in acquisition costs, greater losses on disposal of assets and impairment charges in the first three quarters of 2023 and lower income recorded for the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration in the first three quarters of 2023.

Operating income was $92.7 million for the first three quarters of 2023 compared to $133.3 million for the first three quarters of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to reduced fuel contribution at same stores and an increase in general and administrative expenses, which was partially offset with incremental income from the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, interest and other financial expenses, net increased by $5.2 million compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to greater debt at higher rates outstanding in 2023, which was partially offset by an increase of $9.7 million in income, net recorded for fair value adjustments related to the Ares Put Option, Public Warrants, Private Warrants and Deferred Shares and additional interest income generated in the first three quarters of 2023.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $10.8 million compared to income tax expense of $31.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time non-cash tax expense in the amount of approximately $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.the Company recorded in connection with its internal entity realignment and streamlining.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net income attributable to the Company was $33.3 million and $58.9 million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA was $224.9 million compared to $228.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease primarily resulted from approximately $49.6 million of lower fuel contribution from retail same stores and legacy wholesale sites, of which approximately $12.8 million was attributable to sales in March 2023, which was partially offset by incremental Adjusted EBITDA from the 2023 Acquisitions and the 2022 Acquisitions and increased merchandise contribution positively impacted Adjusted EBITDA for the first three quarters of 2023, as compared to the first three quarters of 2022. In addition, higher personnel costs at same stores and an increase in general and administrative expenses reduced Adjusted EBITDA for the first three quarters of 2023. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

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Segment Results

Retail Segment

The table below shows the results of the retail segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, together with certain key metrics for the segment.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	1,086,405		$	1,028,323		$	2,945,243		$	3,000,839
Merchandise revenue		506,425			445,822			1,391,274			1,244,558
Other revenues, net		19,750			16,651			57,302			49,642
Total revenues		1,612,580			1,490,796			4,393,819			4,295,039
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		980,161			923,966			2,661,406			2,726,662
Merchandise costs		345,699			306,930			952,925			866,110
Store operating expenses		205,216			175,051			578,496			499,892
Total operating expenses		1,531,076			1,405,947			4,192,827			4,092,664
Operating income	$	81,504		$	84,849		$	200,992		$	202,375
Fuel gallons sold		300,796			262,010			843,286			754,811
Same store fuel gallons sold decrease (%)1		(5.3	%)		(9.7	%)		(4.5	%)		(8.0	%)
Fuel margin, cents per gallon2		40.3			44.8			38.7			41.3
Same store merchandise sales increase (decrease) (%)1		0.1	%		0.7	%		1.4	%		(1.8	%)
Same store merchandise sales excluding cigarettes increase (%)1		1.0	%		4.3	%		3.9	%		2.0	%
Merchandise contribution3	$	160,726		$	138,892		$	438,349		$	378,448
Merchandise margin4		31.7	%		31.2	%		31.5	%		30.4	%

1 Same store is a common metric used in the convenience store industry. We consider a store a same store beginning in the first quarter in which the store had a full quarter of activity in the prior year. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this measure.

2 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed margin or fixed fee paid to GPMP for the cost of fuel.

3 Calculated as merchandise revenue less merchandise costs.

4 Calculated as merchandise contribution divided by merchandise revenue.

The table below shows financial information and certain key metrics of recent acquisitions in the retail segment that do not have comparable information for the prior periods.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Pride 1			TEG 2			Uncle's (WTG) 3			Speedy 4			Total
	(in thousands)
Date of Acquisition:	Dec 6, 2022			Mar 1, 2023			Jun 6, 2023			Aug 15, 2023
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	73,019		$	104,850		$	21,927		$	3,138		$	202,934
Merchandise revenue		16,078			39,776			9,625			1,400			66,879
Other revenues, net		1,386			1,391			203			23			3,003
Total revenues		90,483			146,017			31,755			4,561			272,816
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		65,818			96,593			18,797			2,798			184,006
Merchandise costs		10,523			27,218			6,258			949			44,948
Store operating expenses		10,152			18,373			5,147			696			34,368
Total operating expenses		86,493			142,184			30,202			4,443			263,322
Operating income	$	3,990		$	3,833		$	1,553		$	118		$	9,494
Fuel gallons sold		18,486			30,126			5,809			830			55,251
Merchandise contribution 5		5,555			12,558			3,367			451			21,931
Merchandise margin 6		34.6	%		31.6	%		35.0	%		32.2	%

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Pride 1			TEG 2			Uncle's (WTG) 3			Speedy 4			Total
	(in thousands)
Date of Acquisition:	Dec 6, 2022			Mar 1, 2023			Jun 6, 2023			Aug 15, 2023
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	212,444		$	236,052		$	28,025		$	3,138		$	479,659
Merchandise revenue		45,221			92,100			12,471			1,400			151,192
Other revenues, net		4,170			3,122			257			23			7,572
Total revenues		261,835			331,274			40,753			4,561			638,423
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		191,117			217,210			23,817			2,798			434,942
Merchandise costs		29,906			63,344			8,185			949			102,384
Store operating expenses		30,182			41,949			6,372			696			79,199
Total operating expenses		251,205			322,503			38,374			4,443			616,525
Operating income	$	10,630		$	8,771		$	2,379		$	118		$	21,898
Fuel gallons sold		55,764			70,183			7,523			830			134,300
Merchandise contribution 5		15,315			28,756			4,286			451			48,808
Merchandise margin 6		33.9	%		31.2	%		34.4	%		32.2	%

1 Pride Acquisition.

2 Includes only the retail stores acquired in the TEG Acquisition.

3 Includes only the retail stores acquired in the WTG Acquisition.

4 Acquisition of seven Speedy’s retail stores.

5 Calculated as merchandise revenue less merchandise costs.

6 Calculated as merchandise contribution divided by merchandise revenue.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Retail Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $58.1 million, or 5.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition, together contributing 55.3 million gallons sold, or $202.9 million in fuel revenue. Partially offsetting this increase was a $0.31 per gallon decrease in the average retail price of fuel in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to market factors, as well as a decrease in gallons sold at same stores. For the third quarter of 2023, gallons at same stores decreased approximately 5.3%, or 13.6 million gallons. Underperforming retail stores, which were closed or converted to dealers over the last 12 months in order to optimize profitability, also negatively impacted gallons sold during the third quarter of 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise revenue increased by $60.6 million, or 13.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022. The 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition contributed approximately $66.9 million of merchandise revenue. Same store merchandise sales increased 0.1% for the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022, which were impacted by increased loyalty investments in customer acquisition related to expanding membership in our fas REWARDS® loyalty program, other loyalty promotions, and growth in the total loyalty membership base. Same store merchandise sales were positively impacted primarily due to higher revenue from the Company’s six core destination categories (packaged beverages, candy, salty snacks, packaged sweet snacks, alternative snacks and beer), other tobacco products and franchises as a result of marketing initiatives, including expanded category assortments, new franchise food offerings and investments in coolers and freezers, which was offset by lower revenue from cigarettes. In addition, there was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, other revenues, net increased by $3.1 million, or 18.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily related to additional income from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition.

Retail Operating Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution increased $3.8 million, or 3.2%, compared to the same period in 2022. Incremental fuel profit from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition of approximately $21.7 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) was partially offset by a decrease in same store fuel contribution of $16.6 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). Fuel margin per gallon at same stores for the third quarter of 2023 decreased to 40.6 cents per gallon from 44.9 cents per gallon for the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to historically high fuel margins in 2022 principally as a

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result of the volatile market for gasoline and diesel fuel. In addition, a decrease in fuel contribution related to underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers decreased fuel profit compared to the third quarter of 2022.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise contribution increased $21.8 million, or 15.7%, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was due to $21.9 million in merchandise contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition and an increase in merchandise contribution at same stores of approximately $1.2 million. Merchandise margin increased 50 basis points, to 31.7% as compared to 31.2% in the prior period, primarily due to the execution of key marketing and merchandising initiatives. Merchandise margin at same stores was 31.5% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to 31.3% in the third quarter of 2022.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses increased $30.2 million, or 17.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to $34.4 million of expenses related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition, which were partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 million in expenses at same stores, mainly driven by lower credit card fees. Same store personnel expenses were similar to the prior period, increasing by only $0.1 million, or 0.1%, as the Company has continued to appropriately balance labor expenses and providing superior customer service. The total increase in store operating expenses was also partially offset by underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Retail Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue decreased by $55.6 million, or 1.9%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022. The decrease in fuel revenue was attributable to a $0.49 per gallon decrease in the average retail price of fuel in the first three quarters of 2023 as compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to market factors, as well as a decrease in gallons sold at same stores. For the first three quarters of 2023, gallons at same stores decreased approximately 4.5%, or 33.7 million gallons. Offsetting these decreases, the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition contributed 134.3 million gallons sold, or $479.7 million in fuel revenue. Underperforming retail stores, which were closed or converted to dealers over the last 12 months in order to optimize profitability, also negatively impacted gallons sold during the first three quarters of 2023.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise revenue increased by $146.7 million, or 11.8%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022. The 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition contributed approximately $151.2 million of merchandise revenue. Same store merchandise sales increased $16.9 million, or 1.4%, for the first three quarters of 2023 compared to the first three quarters of 2022. Same store merchandise sales increased primarily due to higher revenue from the Company’s six core destination categories, other tobacco products and franchises as a result of marketing initiatives, including expanded category assortments, new franchise food offerings and investments in coolers and freezers, which was partially offset by lower revenue from cigarettes. In addition, there was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other revenues, net increased by $7.7 million, or 15.4%, compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily related to additional income from the 2023 Acquisitions, the Pride Acquisition and greater lottery commissions.

Retail Operating Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution increased compared to the same period in 2022. Incremental fuel profit from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition of approximately $51.4 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) was partially offset by a decrease in same store fuel contribution of $32.5 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). Fuel margin per gallon at same stores for the first three quarters of 2023 decreased to 38.7 cents per gallon from 41.4 cents per gallon for the first three quarters of 2022 primarily due to historically high fuel margins in 2022 principally as a result of the volatile market for gasoline and diesel fuel, with the first quarter of 2022 particularly impacted by the war in Ukraine, which significantly affected market conditions and resulted in substantially higher fuel margins. A decrease in fuel profit related to underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers also partially offset the increase in fuel profit compared to the first three quarters of 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, merchandise contribution increased $59.9 million, or 15.8%, compared to the same period in 2022, and merchandise margin increased to 31.5% as compared to 30.4% in the prior period. The increase was due to $48.8 million in merchandise contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition and an increase in merchandise contribution at same stores of $15.9 million. Merchandise contribution at same stores increased in the first three quarters of 2023 primarily due to higher contribution from the Company’s six core destination categories and franchises. Merchandise margin at same stores was 31.5% in the first three quarters of 2023 compared to 30.6% in the first three quarters of 2022.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses increased $78.6 million, or 15.7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to $79.2 million of expenses related to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Pride Acquisition and an increase of $7.5 million in expenses at same stores, including approximately $10.3 million or 5.2%, of higher personnel costs. The increase in store operating expenses was partially offset by underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to dealers.

Wholesale Segment

The table below shows the results of the wholesale segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, together with certain key metrics for the segment.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	843,891	$	827,436	$	2,339,878	$	2,521,567
Other revenues, net		6,265		5,693		18,866		17,148
Total revenues		850,156		833,129		2,358,744		2,538,715
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		830,121		812,336		2,305,098		2,479,618
Store operating expenses		10,009		10,334		29,303		31,439
Total operating expenses		840,130		822,670		2,334,401		2,511,057
Operating income	$	10,026	$	10,459	$	24,343	$	27,658
Fuel gallons sold – fuel supply locations		205,836		189,537		601,399		563,642
Fuel gallons sold – consignment agent locations		45,365		41,145		127,861		115,138
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – fuel supply locations		6.4		6.9		6.1		7.0
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – consignment agent locations		28.9		32.7		26.9		31.4

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed margin or fixed fee paid to GPMP for the cost of fuel.

The table below shows financial information and certain key metrics of recent acquisitions in the wholesale segment that do not have (or have only partial) comparable information for the prior periods.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023								For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Quarles 1		TEG 2		WTG 3		Total		Quarles 1		TEG 2		WTG 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Date of Acquisition:	Jul 22, 2022		Mar 1, 2023		Jun 6, 2023				Jul 22, 2022		Mar 1, 2023		Jun 6, 2023
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	20,381	$	92,575	$	2,796	$	115,752	$	57,708	$	214,629	$	3,444	$	275,781
Other revenues, net		275		645		5		925		863		1,499		6		2,368
Total revenues		20,656		93,220		2,801		116,677		58,571		216,128		3,450		278,149
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		19,693		88,503		2,556		110,752		55,757		208,282		3,178		267,217
Store operating expenses		493		833		64		1,390		1,430		1,927		81		3,438
Total operating expenses		20,186		89,336		2,620		112,142		57,187		210,209		3,259		270,655
Operating income	$	470	$	3,884	$	181	$	4,535	$	1,384	$	5,919	$	191	$	7,494
Fuel gallons sold		5,861		31,666		789		38,316		17,304		77,653		1,007		95,964

1 Quarles Acquisition; includes only the wholesale business acquired in the Quarles Acquisition.

2 Includes only the wholesale business acquired in the TEG Acquisition.

3 Includes only the wholesale business acquired in the WTG Acquisition.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Wholesale Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $16.5 million, or 2.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2022. Wholesale revenues benefited from an 8.9% increase in gallons sold, which were partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022. Of total gallons sold, the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition contributed approximately 33.3 million incremental gallons, which were offset by lower volumes at legacy wholesale sites.

Wholesale Operating Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) was similar to the third quarter of 2022. Approximately $5.8 million of total fuel contribution increase was attributable to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition. At fuel supply locations, fuel contribution increased by $0.1 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), while fuel margin per gallon decreased for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to decreased prompt pay discounts related to lower fuel costs and lower volumes at legacy wholesale sites, which was partially offset by the incremental contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition. At consignment agent locations, fuel contribution decreased $0.3 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin per gallon also decreased for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to lower rack-to-retail margins and decreased prompt pay discounts related to lower fuel costs, which was partially offset by the incremental contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses decreased $0.3 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Wholesale Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue decreased by $181.7 million, or 7.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Wholesale revenues were negatively impacted by a decrease in the average price of fuel in the first three quarters of 2023 as compared to the first three quarters of 2022, which was partially offset by a 7.4% increase in gallons sold. Of total gallons sold, the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition contributed approximately 90.9 million incremental gallons, which were offset by lower volumes at legacy wholesale sites.

Wholesale Operating Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution decreased approximately $4.5 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). Approximately $12.3 million of total fuel contribution increase was attributable to the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition. At fuel supply locations, fuel contribution decreased by $2.8 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin per gallon decreased for the first three quarters of 2023 as compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to decreased prompt pay discounts related to lower fuel costs and lower volumes at legacy wholesale sites, which was partially offset by the incremental contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition. At consignment agent locations, fuel contribution decreased $1.7 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) and fuel margin per gallon also decreased for the first three quarters of 2023 as compared to the first three quarters of 2022, primarily due to lower rack-to-retail margins and decreased prompt pay discounts related to lower fuel costs, which was partially offset by the incremental contribution from the 2023 Acquisitions and the Quarles Acquisition.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses decreased $2.1 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Fleet Fueling Segment

The table below shows the results of the fleet fueling segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, together with certain key metrics for the segment. We added the fleet fueling segment only upon consummation of the Quarles

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Acquisition on July 22, 2022; therefore, neither the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 reflects the operations of this segment for the entirety of such period, which affects period-over-period comparability.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	145,496	$	120,813	$	394,136	$	120,813
Other revenues, net		2,575		923		5,202		923
Total revenues		148,071		121,736		399,338		121,736
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		133,037		111,162		356,703		111,162
Store operating expenses		6,206		3,945		16,039		3,945
Total operating expenses		139,243		115,107		372,742		115,107
Operating income	$	8,828	$	6,629	$	26,596	$	6,629
Fuel gallons sold – proprietary cardlock locations		34,277		26,064		97,710		26,064
Fuel gallons sold – third-party cardlock locations		2,985		1,297		6,631		1,297
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – proprietary cardlock locations		39.4		41.8		42.5		41.8
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – third-party cardlock locations		26.6		4.8		14.6		4.8

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed fee charged by GPMP to sites in the fleet fueling segment.

The table below shows financial information and certain key metrics of recent acquisitions in the fleet fueling segment that do not have (or have only partial) comparable information for the prior periods.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023						For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Quarles 1		WTG 2		Total		Quarles 1		WTG 2		Total
	(in thousands)
Date of Acquisition:	Jul 22, 2022		Jun 6, 2023				Jul 22, 2022		Jun 6, 2023
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	127,305	$	18,191	$	145,496	$	370,785	$	23,351	$	394,136
Other revenues, net		1,309		1,266		2,575		3,900		1,302		5,202
Total revenues		128,614		19,457		148,071		374,685		24,653		399,338
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		117,228		15,809		133,037		336,522		20,181		356,703
Store operating expenses		5,255		951		6,206		14,960		1,079		16,039
Total operating expenses		122,483		16,760		139,243		351,482		21,260		372,742
Operating income	$	6,131	$	2,697	$	8,828	$	23,203	$	3,393	$	26,596
Fuel gallons sold		32,522		4,740		37,262		98,136		6,205		104,341

1 Includes only the fleet fueling business acquired in the Quarles Acquisition.

2 Includes only the fleet fueling business acquired in the WTG Acquisition.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Fleet Fueling Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $24.7 million, or 20.4%, compared to third quarter of 2022. Fleet fueling revenues benefited from a 36.2% increase in gallons sold, including the effect of a full quarter of the operations acquired in the Quarles Acquisition and the WTG Acquisition, which were partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022.

Fleet Fueling Operating Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution increased by $3.3 million compared to third quarter of 2022 (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). At proprietary cardlocks, fuel contribution increased by $2.6 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), while fuel margin per gallon decreased for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter

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of 2022. At third-party cardlock locations, fuel contribution increased $0.7 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin per gallon also increased for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022. These changes were primarily due to higher volumes and the cardlocks acquired in the WTG Acquisition.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses increased $2.3 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to the effect of a full quarter of the operations acquired in the Quarles Acquisition and the recent WTG Acquisition.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Fleet Fueling Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $273.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Fleet fueling revenues benefited from an increase in gallons sold, including the effect of the operations acquired in the Quarles Acquisition and the WTG Acquisition, which were partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Fleet Fueling Operating Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel contribution increased by $31.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). At proprietary cardlocks, fuel contribution increased by $30.7 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin per gallon also increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. At third-party cardlock locations, fuel contribution increased $0.9 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin per gallon also increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These increases were primarily due to nine months of operation for the Quarles Acquisition and the cardlocks acquired in the recent WTG Acquisition.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, store operating expenses increased $12.1 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the addition of the Quarles Acquisition and the WTG Acquisition.

GPMP Segment

The table below shows the results of the GPMP segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, together with certain key metrics for the segment.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue - inter-segment	$	1,469,454	$	1,443,638	$	3,973,560	$	4,457,602
Fuel revenue - external customers		1,044		1,437		2,842		4,170
Other revenues, net		253		261		700		773
Other revenues, net - inter-segment		2,862		1,434		8,164		1,434
Total revenues		1,473,613		1,446,770		3,985,266		4,463,979
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,443,902		1,420,830		3,900,688		4,390,484
General and administrative expenses		854		709		2,407		2,174
Depreciation and amortization		1,841		1,843		5,525		5,527
Total operating expenses		1,446,597		1,423,382		3,908,620		4,398,185
Operating income	$	27,016	$	23,388	$	76,646	$	65,794
Fuel gallons sold - inter-segment		531,899		484,734		1,514,168		1,424,201
Fuel gallons sold - external customers		361		443		1,041		1,270
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1		5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

GPMP Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue increased by $25.4 million compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to an increase in gallons sold as compared to the third quarter of 2022, which was partially offset by a decrease in the average price of fuel.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other revenues, net were each $0.3 million and primarily related to rental income from certain sites leased to dealers. Inter-segment other revenues, net related to the fixed fee primarily charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold).

GPMP Operating Income

Fuel margin increased by $2.4 million for the third quarter of 2023, as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to greater gallons sold to the retail and wholesale segments at a fixed margin.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, total general, administrative, depreciation and amortization expenses were similar with those in the comparable prior year period.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

GPMP Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, fuel revenue decreased by $485.4 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in fuel revenue was attributable to a decrease in the average price of fuel, which was partially offset by an increase in gallons sold as compared to the first three quarters of 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other revenues, net were $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and primarily related to rental income from certain sites leased to dealers. Inter-segment other revenues, net related to the fixed fee primarily charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold), which began in July 2022.

GPMP Operating Income

Fuel margin increased by $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to greater gallons sold to the retail and wholesale segments at a fixed margin.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total general, administrative, depreciation and amortization expenses increased slightly from those in the comparable prior year period.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures

We disclose certain measures on a “same store basis,” which is a non-GAAP measure. Information disclosed on a “same store basis” excludes the results of any store that is not a “same store” for the applicable period. A store is considered a same store beginning in the first quarter in which the store had a full quarter of activity in the prior year. We believe that this information provides greater comparability regarding our ongoing operating performance. Neither this measure nor those described below should be considered an alternative to measurements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

We define EBITDA as net income before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts EBITDA by excluding the gain or loss on disposal of assets, impairment charges, acquisition costs, other non-cash items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges. Each of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure.

We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for operational and financial decision-making and believe these measures are useful in evaluating our performance because they eliminate certain items that we do not consider indicators of our operating performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are also used by many of our investors, securities analysts, and other interested parties in evaluating our operational and financial performance across reporting periods. We believe that the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors by allowing an understanding of key measures that we use internally for operational decision-making, budgeting, evaluating acquisition targets, and assessing our operating performance.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for net income or any other financial measure presented in accordance with GAAP. These measures have limitations as analytical tools, and

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should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We strongly encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.

Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, same store measures, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. It therefore may not be possible to compare our use of these non-GAAP financial measures with those used by other companies.

The following table contains a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	21,488	$	24,994		$	33,440		$	59,118
Interest and other financing expenses, net		14,579		19,796			48,341			43,110
Income tax expense		7,993		20,898			10,849			31,060
Depreciation and amortization		33,713		26,061			94,949			75,050
EBITDA		77,773		91,749			187,579			208,338
Non-cash rent expense (a)		3,860		1,977			10,418			5,714
Acquisition costs (b)		1,127		1,673			7,980			3,177
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment charges (c)		2,265		1,418			5,543			3,389
Share-based compensation expense (d)		4,614		3,145			13,238			9,027
Loss from equity investment (e)		14		44			77			7
Adjustment to contingent consideration (f)		952		(1,550	)		(672	)		(2,076	)
Internal entity realignment and streamlining (g)		—		408			—			408
Other (h)		558		604			726			637
Adjusted EBITDA	$	91,163	$	99,468		$	224,889		$	228,621

(a)

Eliminates the non-cash portion of rent, which reflects the extent to which our GAAP rent expense recognized exceeds (or is less than) our cash rent payments. The GAAP rent expense adjustment can vary depending on the terms of our lease portfolio, which has been impacted by our recent acquisitions. For newer leases, our rent expense recognized typically exceeds our cash rent payments, while for more mature leases, rent expense recognized is typically less than our cash rent payments.

(b)

Eliminates costs incurred that are directly attributable to business acquisitions and salaries of employees whose primary job function is to execute our acquisition strategy and facilitate integration of acquired operations.

(c)

Eliminates the non-cash loss (gain) from the sale of property and equipment, the loss (gain) recognized upon the sale of related leased assets and impairment charges on property and equipment and right-of-use assets related to closed and non-performing sites.

(d)

Eliminates non-cash share-based compensation expense related to the equity incentive program in place to incentivize, retain, and motivate our employees, certain non-employees, and members of our board of directors (the “Board”).

(e)

Eliminates our share of loss attributable to our unconsolidated equity investment.

(f)

Eliminates fair value adjustments to the contingent consideration owed to the seller for the 2020 acquisition of Empire.

(g)

Eliminates non-recurring charges related to our internal entity realignment and streamlining.

(h)

Eliminates other unusual or non-recurring items that we do not consider to be meaningful in assessing operating performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, availability under our credit facilities and our cash balances. Our principal liquidity requirements are the financing of current operations, funding capital expenditures, including acquisitions, and servicing debt. We finance our inventory purchases primarily from customary trade credit aided by relatively rapid inventory turnover, as well as cash generated from operations. Rapid inventory turnover allows us to conduct operations without the need for large amounts of cash and working capital. We largely rely on internally generated cash flows and borrowings, which we believe are sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future.

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Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and other capital requirements, including capital expenditures, as well as the cost of acquisitions, will depend on our future operating performance which, in turn, will be subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. As a normal part of our business, depending on market conditions, we will from time to time consider opportunities to repay, redeem, repurchase or refinance our indebtedness. Changes in our operating plans, lower than anticipated sales, increased expenses, acquisitions, or other events may cause us to seek additional debt or equity financing in future periods. Additional debt financing could impose increased cash payment obligations, as well as covenants that may restrict our operations. There can be no guarantee that financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

As of September 30, 2023, we were in a strong liquidity position of approximately $827 million, consisting of approximately $204 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $623 million of availability under our lines of credit. This liquidity position currently provides us with adequate funding to satisfy our contractual and other obligations from our existing cash balances. As of September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our $140 million PNC Line of Credit (as defined below), $29.4 million of unused availability under the M&T equipment line of credit, described below, and $461.2 million of unused availability under our $800 million Capital One Line of Credit (as defined below), which we may elect to increase to $1.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional financing commitments from current lenders or other banks, and subject to certain other terms.

The Board declared, and the Company paid, dividends of $0.03 per share of common stock on each of March 21, 2023, June 1, 2023 and September 1, 2023, totaling approximately $10.8 million. Additionally, the Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share of common stock, to be paid on December 1, 2023 to stockholders of record as of November 17, 2023. The amount and timing of dividends payable on our common stock are within the sole discretion of our Board, which will evaluate dividend payments within the context of our overall capital allocation strategy on an ongoing basis, giving consideration to our current and forecast earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay such dividends or the amounts of such dividends.

In May 2023, we announced that our Board authorized an increase to our share repurchase program from $50.0 million to up to an aggregate of $100.0 million of our outstanding shares of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately 3.1 million shares of common stock under the repurchase program for approximately $23.5 million, or an average share price of $7.55. The share repurchase program does not have a stated expiration date. Whether and the extent to which we repurchase shares depends on a number of factors, including our financial condition, capital requirements, cash flows, results of operations, future business prospects and other factors management may deem relevant. The timing, volume, and nature of repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable securities laws, and other factors, and the program may be amended, suspended or discontinued at any time. Repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases, including pursuant to a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)of the Exchange Act, privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to accelerated share repurchase agreements entered into with one or more counterparties, or otherwise.

To date, we have funded capital expenditures primarily through funds generated from operations, funds received from vendors, sale-leaseback transactions, the issuance of debt, and existing cash. Future capital required to finance operations, acquisitions, and raze-and-rebuild, functionally and fully remodel and update stores is expected to come from cash on hand, cash generated by operations, availability under lines of credit, and additional long-term debt and equipment leases, as circumstances may dictate. In both the short-term and long-term, we currently expect that our capital spending program will be primarily focused on expanding our store base through acquisitions, razing-and-rebuilding, remodeling and updating stores, and maintaining our owned properties and equipment, including upgrading all fuel dispensers to be EMV-compliant. We expect to spend a total of approximately $4.5 million in the current year to upgrade substantially all our fuel dispensers to be EMV-compliant. We do not expect such capital needs to adversely affect liquidity.

Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	78,807		$	139,763
Investing activities		(263,446	)		(64,793	)
Financing activities		88,393			(49,835	)
Effect of exchange rates		(83	)		(109	)
Total	$	(96,329	)	$	25,026

Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operations are our main source of liquidity. We have historically relied primarily on cash provided by operating activities, supplemented as necessary from time to time by borrowings on our credit facilities and other debt or equity transactions to finance our operations and to fund our capital expenditures. Cash flow provided by operating activities is primarily impacted by our net income and changes in working capital.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows provided by operating activities were $78.8 million compared to $139.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily the result of approximately $12.4 million of higher net interest payments, approximately $22.9 million of higher net tax payments and a technical delay in receiving approximately $12.1 million from a routine credit card processor, as well as a decrease in Adjusted EBITDA of $3.7 million.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures for acquisitions and replacing and maintaining existing facilities and equipment used in the business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities increased by $198.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we utilized $75.6 million for capital expenditures, including the purchase of certain fee properties, upgrades to fuel dispensers and other investments in our stores. The net consideration paid by us for our recent acquisitions $111.5 million, reflecting $494.9 million in aggregate purchase consideration, offset by $383.4 million paid by Oak Street.

Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities primarily consist of increases and decreases in the principal amount of our lines of credit and debt, distributions to non-controlling interests and issuance of common and preferred stock, net of dividends paid and common stock repurchases.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, financing activities consisted primarily of net receipts of $62.3 million for long-term debt, $80.4 million of consideration paid by Oak Street related to the 2023 Acquisitions, which transactions with Oak Street were accounted for as sale-leasebacks (see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), payment of $9.8 million for the Ares Put Option, repayments of $4.2 million for financing leases, $10.8 million for dividend payments on common stock, $4.3 million for dividend payments on the Series A redeemable preferred stock and $25.2 million for common stock repurchases.

Credit Facilities and Senior Notes

Senior Notes

The Company has $450 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes are guaranteed, on an unsecured senior basis, by certain of the Company’s wholly owned domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains customary restrictive covenants that, among other things, generally limit the ability of the Company and substantially all of its subsidiaries to (i) create liens, (ii) pay dividends, acquire shares of capital stock and make payments on subordinated debt, (iii) place limitations on distributions from certain subsidiaries, (iv) issue or sell the capital stock of certain subsidiaries, (v) sell assets, (vi) enter into transactions with affiliates, (vii) effect mergers and (viii) incur indebtedness. The Senior Notes and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ respective existing and future senior unsubordinated indebtedness and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s and the

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Guarantors’ existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness; and are structurally subordinated to any existing and future obligations of subsidiaries of the Company that are not Guarantors.

Financing Agreement with PNC

GPM and certain subsidiaries have a financing arrangement (as amended, the “PNC Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank National Association (“PNC”) to provide a line of credit with an aggregate principal amount of up to $140 million for purposes of financing working capital (the “PNC Line of Credit”).

The PNC Line of Credit bears interest, as elected by GPM at: (a) SOFR Adjusted plus Term SOFR (as defined in the PNC Credit Agreement) plus a margin of 1.25% to 1.75% or (b) a rate per annum equal to the alternate base rate (as defined in the PNC Credit Agreement) plus a margin of 0% to 0.50%. Every quarter, the SOFR margin rate and the alternate base rate margin rate are updated based on the quarterly average undrawn availability of the line of credit. The calculation of the availability under the PNC Line of Credit is determined monthly subject to terms and limitations as set forth in the PNC Credit Agreement, taking into account the balances of receivables, inventory and letters of credit, among other things. As of September 30, 2023, $7.3 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the PNC Credit Agreement.

Financing Agreements with M&T Bank

GPM has a financing arrangement with M&T Bank to provide a line of credit for up to $45.0 million to purchase equipment on or before September 2026, and which line may be borrowed in tranches as described below, and an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million of a real estate loan (the “M&T Term Loan”). As of September 30, 2023, approximately $29.4 million remained available under the line of credit.

Each additional equipment loan tranche will have a term of up to five years from the date it is advanced, payable in equal monthly payments of principal plus interest of SOFR (as defined in the agreement) plus 2.75%. The M&T Term Loan bears interest at SOFR Adjusted (as defined in the agreement) plus 3.00%, matures in June 2026 and is payable in monthly installments based on a fifteen-year amortization schedule, with the balance of the loan payable at maturity.

Financing agreement with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association (“Capital One”)

GPMP has a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $800 million (the “Capital One Line of Credit”). At GPMP’s request, the Capital One Line of Credit can be increased up to $1.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional financing commitments from current lenders or from other banks, and subject to certain terms as detailed in the Capital One Line of Credit. The revolving credit facility matures on May 5, 2028. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $338.3 million was drawn on the Capital One Line of Credit, $0.5 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the Capital One Line of Credit and approximately $461.2 million was available thereunder.

The Capital One Line of Credit bears interest, as elected by GPMP at: (a) Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the agreement) plus a margin of 2.25% to 3.25% or (b) a rate per annum equal to the alternate base rate (as defined in the agreement) plus a margin of 1.25% to 2.25%. The margin is determined according to a formula in the Capital One Line of Credit that depends on GPMP’s leverage.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Commodity Price Risk

We have limited exposure to commodity price risk as a result of the payment and volume-related discounts in certain of our fuel supply contracts with our fuel suppliers, which are based on the market price of motor fuel. Significant increases in fuel prices could result in significant increases in the retail price of fuel and in lower sales to consumers and dealers. When fuel prices rise, some of our dealers may have insufficient credit to purchase fuel from us at their historical volumes. In addition, significant and persistent increases in the retail price of fuel could also diminish consumer demand, which could subsequently diminish the volume of fuel we distribute. A significant percentage of our sales are made with the use of credit cards. Because the interchange fees we pay when credit cards are used to make purchases are based on transaction amounts, higher fuel prices at the pump and higher gallon movements result

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in higher credit card expenses. These additional fees increase operating expenses. In connection with the Quarles Acquisition, we began to make use of derivative commodity instruments to manage risks associated with an immaterial number of gallons designed to offset changes in the price of fuel that are directly tied to firm commitments to purchase diesel fuel.

Interest Rate Risk

We may be subject to market risk from exposure to changes in interest rates based on our financing, investing, and cash management activities. The Senior Notes bear a fixed interest rate, therefore, an increase or decrease in prevailing interest rates has no impact on our debt service for the Senior Notes. As of September 30, 2023, the interest rate on our Capital One Line of Credit was 7.9%, the interest rate on our M&T Term Loan was 8.4% and the interest rate on our variable M&T equipment loan was 8.1%. As of September 30, 2022, the interest rate on our Capital One Line of Credit was 5.1% and the interest rate on our M&T Term Loan was 6.2%. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 44% of our debt bore interest at variable rates. If our applicable interest rates increase by 1%, then our debt service on an annual basis would increase by approximately $3.7 million. Interest rates on commercial bank borrowings and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. Although this could limit our ability to raise funds in the debt capital markets, we expect to remain competitive with respect to acquisitions and capital projects, as our competitors would likely face similar circumstances.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The disclosure controls and procedures related to the TEG Acquisition we closed on March 1, 2023 were excluded from the evaluation of effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023, due to the timing of this acquisition. This acquisition’s total assets constituted approximately 11% of the Company’s total assets as of September 30, 2023, and represented approximately 8% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Based on management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes to the Company’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the calendar quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

During the reporting period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to the description of legal proceedings as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

During the reporting period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to our risk factors as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table presents our share repurchase activity for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)

July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023		179,491	$	7.96		179,491	$	47,643
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023		292,640		7.66		292,640		45,402
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023		1,068,511		7.43		1,068,511		37,468
Total		1,540,642	$	7.53		1,540,642	$	37,468

(1)

All of the above repurchases were made on the open market at prevailing market rates plus related expenses under our stock repurchase program, which authorizes the repurchase of up to $100 million of our common stock. We publicly announced this program on February 23, 2022 and announced the increased amount authorized to be repurchased on May 16, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit 10.1		Second Amendment to Second Amended, Restated and Consolidated Credit Agreement, dated October 14, 2021, by and among GPM Investments, LLC, and the other borrowers party thereto and M&T Bank.

Exhibit 31.1		Certification by Arie Kotler, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

Exhibit 31.2		Certification by Donald Bassell, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

Exhibit 32.1		Certification by Arie Kotler, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

Exhibit 32.2		Certification by Donald Bassell, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

101		The following financial statements from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: November 6, 2023		ARKO Corp.

	By:	/s/ Arie Kotler
	Name:	Arie Kotler
	Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
		(on behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Executive Officer)